The reader has not, perhaps, forgotten that one moment before catching sight of the nocturnal band of vagabonds, Quasimodo, as he inspected paris from the heights of his bell tower, perceived only one light burning, which gleamed like a star from a window on the topmost story of a lofty edifice beside the porte Saint-Antoine.This edifice was the Bastille. That star was the candle of Louis XI.
King Louis XI. had, in fact, been two days in paris.He was to take his departure on the next day but one for his citadel of Montilz-les-Tours.He made but seldom and brief appearance in his good city of paris, since there he did not feel about him enough pitfalls, gibbets, and Scotch archers.
He had come, that day, to sleep at the Bastille.The great chamber five toises* square, which he had at the Louvre, with its huge chimney-piece loaded with twelve great beasts and thirteen great prophets, and his grand bed, eleven feet by twelve, pleased him but little.He felt himself lost amid all this grandeur.This good bourgeois king preferred the Bastille with a tiny chamber and couch.And then, the Bastille was stronger than the Louvre.
*An ancient long measure in France, containing six feet and nearly five inches English measure.
This little chamber, which the king reserved for himself in the famous state prison, was also tolerably spacious and occupied the topmost story of a turret rising from the donjon keep.It was circular in form, carpeted with mats of shining straw, ceiled with beams, enriched with fleurs-de-lis of gilded metal with interjoists in color; wainscoated with rich woods sown with rosettes of white metal, and with others painted a fine, bright green, made of orpiment and fine indigo.
There was only one window, a long pointed casement, latticed with brass wire and bars of iron, further darkened by fine colored panes with the arms of the king and of the queen, each pane being worth two and twenty sols.
There was but one entrance, a modern door, with a fiat arch, garnished with a piece of tapestry on the inside, and on the outside by one of those porches of Irish wood, frail edifices of cabinet-work curiously wrought, numbers of which were still to be seen in old houses a hundred and fifty years ago."Although they disfigure and embarrass the places," says Sauvel in despair, "our old people are still unwilling to get rid of them, and keep them in spite of everybody."
In this chamber, nothing was to be found of what furnishes ordinary apartments, neither benches, nor trestles, nor forms, nor common stools in the form of a chest, nor fine stools sustained by pillars and counter-pillars, at four sols a piece. Only one easy arm-chair, very magnificent, was to be seen; the wood was painted with roses on a red ground, the seat was of ruby Cordovan leather, ornamented with long silken fringes, and studded with a thousand golden nails.The loneliness of this chair made it apparent that only one person had a right to sit down in this apartment.Beside the chair, and quite close to the window, there was a table covered with a cloth with a pattern of birds.On this table stood an inkhorn spotted with ink, some parchments, several pens, and a large goblet of chased silver.A little further on was a brazier, a praying stool in crimson velvet, relieved with small bosses of gold.Finally, at the extreme end of the room, a simple bed of scarlet and yellow damask, without either tinsel or lace; having only an ordinary fringe.This bed, famous for having borne the sleep or the sleeplessness of Louis XI., was still to be seen two hundred years ago, at the house of a councillor of state, where it was seen by old Madame pilou, celebrated in _Cyrus_ under the name "Arricidie" and of "la Morale Vivante".
Such was the chamber which was called "the retreat where Monsieur Louis de France says his prayers."
At the moment when we have introduced the reader into it, this retreat was very dark.The curfew bell had sounded an hour before; night was come, and there was only one flickering wax candle set on the table to light five persons variously grouped in the chamber.
The first on which the light fell was a seigneur superbly clad in breeches and jerkin of scarlet striped with silver, and a loose coat with half sleeves of cloth of gold with black figures.This splendid costume, on which the light played, seemed glazed with flame on every fold.The man who wore it had his armorial bearings embroidered on his breast in vivid colors; a chevron accompanied by a deer passant.The shield was flanked, on the right by an olive branch, on the left by a deer's antlers.This man wore in his girdle a rich dagger whose hilt, of silver gilt, was chased in the form of a helmet, and surmounted by a count's coronet.He had a forbidding air, a proud mien, and a head held high.At the first glance one read arrogance on his visage; at the second, craft.
He was standing bareheaded, a long roll of parchment in his hand, behind the arm-chair in which was seated, his body ungracefully doubled up, his knees crossed, his elbow on the table, a very badly accoutred personage.Let the reader imagine in fact, on the rich seat of Cordova leather, two crooked knees, two thin thighs, poorly clad in black worsted tricot, a body enveloped in a cloak of fustian, with fur trimming of which more leather than hair was visible; lastly, to crown all, a greasy old hat of the worst sort of black cloth, bordered with a circular string of leaden figures.This, in company with a dirty skull-cap, which hardly allowed a hair to escape, was all that distinguished the seated personage.He held his head so bent upon his breast, that nothing was to be seen of his face thus thrown into shadow, except the tip of his nose, upon which fell a ray of light, and which must have been long. From the thinness of his wrinkled hand, one divined that he was an old man.It was Louis XI.
At some distance behind them, two men dressed in garments of Flemish style were conversing, who were not sufficiently lost in the shadow to prevent any one who had been present at the performance of Gringoire's mystery from recognizing in them two of the principal Flemish envoys, Guillaume Rym, the sagacious pensioner of Ghent, and Jacques Coppenole, the popular hosier.The reader will remember that these men were mixed up in the secret politics of Louis XI.
Finally, quite at the end of the room, near the door, in the dark, stood, motionless as a statue, a vigorous man with thickset limbs, a military harness, with a surcoat of armorial bearings, whose square face pierced with staring eyes, slit with an immense mouth, his ears concealed by two large screens of flat hair, had something about it both of the dog and the tiger.
All were uncovered except the king.
The gentleman who stood near the king was reading him a sort of long memorial to which his majesty seemed to be listening attentively.The two Flemings were whispering together.
"Cross of God!" grumbled Coppenole, "I am tired of standing; is there no chair here?"
Rym replied by a negative gesture, accompanied by a discreet smile.
"Croix-Dieu!" resumed Coppenole, thoroughly unhappy at being obliged to lower his voice thus, "I should like to sit down on the floor, with my legs crossed, like a hosier, as I do in my shop."
"Take good care that you do not, Master Jacques."
"Ouais!Master Guillaume! can one only remain here on his feet?"
"Or on his knees," said Rym.
At that moment the king's voice was uplifted.They held their peace.
"Fifty sols for the robes of our valets, and twelve livres for the mantles of the clerks of our crown!That's it!pour out gold by the ton!Are you mad, Olivier?"
As he spoke thus, the old man raised his head.The golden shells of the collar of Saint-Michael could be seen gleaming on his neck.The candle fully illuminated his gaunt and morose profile.He tore the papers from the other's hand.
"You are ruining us!" he cried, casting his hollow eyes over the scroll."What is all this?What need have we of so prodigious a household?Two chaplains at ten livres a month each, and, a chapel clerk at one hundred sols!A valet-de- chambre at ninety livres a year.Four head cooks at six score livres a year each!A spit-cook, an herb-cook, a sauce-cook, a butler, two sumpter-horse lackeys, at ten livres a month each!Two scullions at eight livres!A groom of the stables and his two aids at four and twenty livres a month!A porter, a pastry-cook, a baker, two carters, each sixty livres a year! And the farrier six score livres!And the master of the chamber of our funds, twelve hundred livres!And the comptroller five hundred.And how do I know what else? 'Tis ruinous.The wages of our servants are putting France to the pillage!All the ingots of the Louvre will melt before such a fire of expenses!We shall have to sell our plate! And next year, if God and our Lady (here he raised his hat) lend us life, we shall drink our potions from a pewter pot!"
So saying, he cast a glance at the silver goblet which gleamed upon the table.He coughed and continued,--
"Master Olivier, the princes who reign over great lordships, like kings and emperors, should not allow sumptuousness in their houses; for the fire spreads thence through the province. Hence, Master Olivier, consider this said once for all.Our expenditure increases every year.The thing displease us. How, ~pasque-Dieu~! when in '79 it did not exceed six and thirty thousand livres, did it attain in '80, forty-three thousand six hundred and nineteen livres?I have the figures in my head.In '81, sixty-six thousand six hundred and eighty livres, and this year, by the faith of my body, it will reach eighty thousand livres!Doubled in four years!Monstrous!"
He paused breathless, then resumed energetically,--
"I behold around me only people who fatten on my leanness! you suck crowns from me at every pore."
All remained silent.This was one of those fits of wrath which are allowed to take their course.He continued,--
"'Tis like that request in Latin from the gentlemen of France, that we should re-establish what they call the grand charges of the Crown!Charges in very deed!Charges which crush!Ah! gentlemen! you say that we are not a king to reign ~dapifero nullo, buticulario nullo~!We will let you see, ~pasque-Dieu~! whether we are not a king!"
Here he smiled, in the consciousness of his power; this softened his bad humor, and he turned towards the Flemings,--
"Do you see, Gossip Guillaume? the grand warden of the keys, the grand butler, the grand chamberlain, the grand seneschal are not worth the smallest valet.Remember this, Gossip Coppenole.They serve no purpose, as they stand thus useless round the king; they produce upon me the effect of the four Evangelists who surround the face of the big clock of the palace, and which philippe Brille has just set in order afresh. They are gilt, but they do not indicate the hour; and the hands can get on without them."
He remained in thought for a moment, then added, shaking his aged head,--
"Ho!ho!by our Lady, I am not philippe Brille, and I shall not gild the great vassals anew.Continue, Olivier."
The person whom he designated by this name, took the papers into his hands again, and began to read aloud,--
"To Adam Tenon, clerk of the warden of the seals of the provostship of paris; for the silver, making, and engraving of said seals, which have been made new because the others preceding, by reason of their antiquity and their worn condition, could no longer be successfully used, twelve livres parisis.
"To Guillaume Frère, the sum of four livres, four sols parisis, for his trouble and salary, for having nourished and fed the doves in the two dove-cots of the H?tel des Tournelles, during the months of January, February, and March of this year; and for this he hath given seven sextiers of barley.
"To a gray friar for confessing a criminal, four sols parisis."
The king listened in silence.From time to time be coughed; then he raised the goblet to his lips and drank a draught with a grimace.
"During this year there have been made by the ordinance of justice, to the sound of the trumpet, through the squares of paris, fifty-six proclamations.Account to be regulated.
"For having searched and ransacked in certain places, in paris as well as elsewhere, for money said to be there concealed; but nothing hath been found: forty-five livres parisis."
"Bury a crown to unearth a sou!" said the king.
"For having set in the H?tel des Tournelles six panes of white glass in the place where the iron cage is, thirteen sols; for having made and delivered by command of the king, on the day of the musters, four shields with the escutcheons of the said seigneur, encircled with garlands of roses all about, six livres; for two new sleeves to the king's old doublet, twenty sols; for a box of grease to grease the boots of the king, fifteen deniers; a stable newly made to lodge the king's black pigs, thirty livres parisis; many partitions, planks, and trap-doors, for the safekeeping of the lions at Saint-paul, twenty-two livres."
"These be dear beasts," said Louis XI."It matters not; it is a fine magnificence in a king.There is a great red lion whom I love for his pleasant ways.Have you seen him, Master Guillaume?princes must have these terrific animals; for we kings must have lions for our dogs and tigers for our cats. The great befits a crown.In the days of the pagans of Jupiter, when the people offered the temples a hundred oxen and a hundred sheep, the emperors gave a hundred lions and a hundred eagles.This was wild and very fine.The kings of France have always had roarings round their throne.Nevertheless, people must do me this justice, that I spend still less money on it than they did, and that I possess a greater modesty of lions, bears, elephants, and leopards.--Go on, Master Olivier.We wished to say thus much to our Flemish friends."
Guillaume Rym bowed low, while Coppenole, with his surly mien, had the air of one of the bears of which his majesty was speaking.The king paid no heed.He had just dipped his lips into the goblet, and he spat out the beverage, saying: "Foh! what a disagreeable potion!" The man who was reading continued:--
"For feeding a rascally footpad, locked up these six months in the little cell of the flayer, until it should be determined what to do with him, six livres, four sols."
"What's that?" interrupted the king; "feed what ought to be hanged!~pasque-Dieu~!I will give not a sou more for that nourishment.Olivier, come to an understanding about the matter with Monsieur d'Estouteville, and prepare me this very evening the wedding of the gallant and the gallows.Resume."
Olivier made a mark with his thumb against the article of the "rascally foot soldier," and passed on.
"To Henriet Cousin, master executor of the high works of justice in paris, the sum of sixty sols parisis, to him assessed and ordained by monseigneur the provost of paris, for having bought, by order of the said sieur the provost, a great broad sword, serving to execute and decapitate persons who are by justice condemned for their demerits, and he hath caused the same to be garnished with a sheath and with all things thereto appertaining; and hath likewise caused to be repointed and set in order the old sword, which had become broken and notched in executing justice on Messire Louis de Luxembourg, as will more fully appear .
The king interrupted: "That suffices.I allow the sum with great good will.Those are expenses which I do not begrudge.I have never regretted that money.Continue."
"For having made over a great cage..."
"Ah!" said the king, grasping the arms of his chair in both hands, "I knew well that I came hither to this Bastille for some purpose.Hold, Master Olivier; I desire to see that cage myself.You shall read me the cost while I am examining it.Messieurs Flemings, come and see this; 'tis curious."
Then he rose, leaned on the arm of his interlocutor, made a sign to the sort of mute who stood before the door to precede him, to the two Flemings to follow him, and quitted the room.
The royal company was recruited, at the door of the retreat, by men of arms, all loaded down with iron, and by slender pages bearing flambeaux.It marched for some time through the interior of the gloomy donjon, pierced with staircases and corridors even in the very thickness of the walls.The captain of the Bastille marched at their head, and caused the wickets to be opened before the bent and aged king, who coughed as he walked.
At each wicket, all heads were obliged to stoop, except that of the old man bent double with age."Hum," said he between his gums, for he had no longer any teeth, "we are already quite prepared for the door of the sepulchre.For a low door, a bent passer."
At length, after having passed a final wicket, so loaded with locks that a quarter of an hour was required to open it, they entered a vast and lofty vaulted hall, in the centre of which they could distinguish by the light of the torches, a huge cubic mass of masonry, iron, and wood.The interior was hollow.It was one of those famous cages of prisoners of state, which were called "the little daughters of the king." In its walls there were two or three little windows so closely trellised with stout iron bars; that the glass was not visible. The door was a large flat slab of stone, as on tombs; the sort of door which serves for entrance only.Only here, the occupant was alive.
The king began to walk slowly round the little edifice, examining it carefully, while Master Olivier, who followed him, read aloud the note.
"For having made a great cage of wood of solid beams, timbers and wall-plates, measuring nine feet in length by eight in breadth, and of the height of seven feet between the partitions, smoothed and clamped with great bolts of iron, which has been placed in a chamber situated in one of the towers of the Bastille Saint-Antoine, in which cage is placed and detained, by command of the king our lord, a prisoner who formerly inhabited an old, decrepit, and ruined cage. There have been employed in making the said new cage, ninety-six horizontal beams, and fifty-two upright joists, ten wall plates three toises long; there have been occupied nineteen carpenters to hew, work, and fit all the said wood in the courtyard of the Bastille during twenty days."
"Very fine heart of oak," said the king, striking the woodwork with his fist.
"There have been used in this cage," continued the other, "two hundred and twenty great bolts of iron, of nine feet, and of eight, the rest of medium length, with the rowels, caps and counterbands appertaining to the said bolts; weighing, the said iron in all, three thousand, seven hundred and thirty-five pounds; beside eight great squares of iron, serving to attach the said cage in place with clamps and nails weighing in all two hundred and eighteen pounds, not reckoning the iron of the trellises for the windows of the chamber wherein the cage hath been placed, the bars of iron for the door of the cage and other things."